SIGMUND FREUD (1856 -1939)
Sigmund Freud adalah seorang dokter berkebangsaan Austria yang menyelidiki pekerjaan tentang pikiran manusia.Ia mengembangkan psikologi analisis yang mana kedua nya baik mengobati gangguan mental dan teori tentang bagaimana pikiran bekerja.
Freud lahir di Moravia,yang mana sekarang menjadi bagian Czechoslovakia.Waktu umur 4 tahun keluarganya pindah ke Vienna,Austria. Freud masuk ke Universitas Vienna sewaktu dia berumur 17 tahun. Suatu hari Ia mengahadiri kuliah alam. Dia sangat terpesona dan memutuskan menjadi dokter.
Freud tertarik pada penyakit dari pikiran. Pada 1885 dia memenangkan beasiswa untuk belajar di Paris dibawah bimbingan dokter, Jean Martin Chariot yang terkenal untuk karyanya pada jenis penyakit tersebut. Tahun berikutnya, Freud kembali ke Vienna, menikah dan memulai untuk mengobati penyakit dari pikiran.
Freud memiliki wawasan besar ke dalam pikiran manusia. Ia berpikir bahwa setiap orang lahir dengan kebutuhan tertentu, katanya secara tidak sadar. Orang-orang tidak menyadari untuk memikirkan kebutuhan tersebut. Freud menanamkan bagian dari pikiran bawah sadar yang mengontrol kebutuhan naluriah id (kesenangan) dan berkata id atau kesenangan orang itu bekerja untuk memberikan kesenangan.
Freud juga mengatakan, seperti kita tumbuh dari masa kanak-kanak, kita memperoleh ego, kumpulan kenangan dan pikiran yang membantu kita menangani dengan kata disekitar kita. Kita terus bertumbuh, dan melalui ajaran dari keluarga dan masyarakat,kita mengembangkan norma – mengakui. Superego dan id kita sering mendorong dengan cara yang berlawanan, ego kita biasanya mengurangi konflik ini dengan membantu kita untuk mendapatkan kesenagan tanpa ” menyakiti “ hati nurani kita.
Tetapi jika pikiran bawah orang dan kebutuhan sangat kuat mereka dapat menyebabkan perilaku yang tidak biasa atau gangguan mental. Pengobatan Freud untuk neurosis adalah psikoanalisis (pemeriksaan batin), sebuah metode untuk mengungkap pikiran-pikiran bawah sadar dan memahami bagaiman mereka menimbulkan masalah, pikiran Freud bahwa mimpi-bhkan mimpi yang sepertinya tidak masuk akal- adalah petunjuk yang sangat penting untuk memahami pikiran.
Exercise I
Answer these following question based on the above text
1. When was Sigmund Freud born? He was born in1856
2. How old did he die? When he 83 years old
3. What was he concerned with? About explored the working of the human mind
4. When did he join University? What major did he study? When he was 17 ! diseases of the mind
5. Why did he want to be a doctor? Because one day he attended a lecture of nature then he was so fascinated with it
6. Who is Jean martin chariot? Jean Marti is doctor who guidance Freud in Paris.
7. According to Freud, food and drink are unconscious needs. Why did he say so? Freud said food and drink are unconscious needs because every person is born with certain needs, he said, are unconscious-people are not aware of thinking about such needs. Freud named the part of mind controlling these instinctive unconscious need the id, and Freud said that person’s id operate to give pleasure.
8. These needs, he sad are unconscious – people are not aware of thinking about such needs. What does “dash” (-)” mean? To explain what does unconscious mean
9. Mention the example of conscious needs and don’t forget to explain each? Nature is what we are consciously aware at certain times, such as direct sensing, memory, thoughts, fantasies, and feelings that we have
10. What do id, ego, and superego mean? Explain by giving examples of each?
-Id = a wish or longing
-Ego = an act to get desire
-superego = something which controlling an act
Example :
-Id: urgent ego in order to quickly take the food because of the encouragement his hunger.
-Super ego: warn and ban because the food was not hers, taking items that do not belong is not good or sinful.
-Ego: started to organize themselves. His position became difficult, ego-driven id (lust) to satisfy immediate needs (eating food) in any way, while the super-ego forbade him to act because of its moral basis.
EXERCISE 2
Conscious, make his mind up, fellowship, fascinate, and acquire, disturbance, dealing, and ego
1. He is always confused to choose which girl he should marry. His friends tells him to make his mind up Which girl he tends to marry quickly.
2. He is a smart students but poor. He wants to enter university without paying. His uncle, ask him to join a fellowship program.
3. My child is always interested in toys- cars and always ask me to buy them. One we went shopping in delta plaza. Suddenly he stopped in front of a car shop and pointed out the big car. As a mater of fact, he was fascinated by the car, which was like his toy-car. And do you know what happened? and he asked me to buy that car.
4. He was come for days, but now she fully dealing again.
5. Some students says, that they study hard because they want to get reward from their parents. Some want to obtain good marks and some other want to acquire knowledge only.
6. Disturbance Some problems we have discuss, would you please attend the meeting schedule on Saturday night , 17 august 1995 at my house. Because it very urgent, no excuse for your not to come to the meeting. Thanks a lot
SIMPLE SENTENCES IN PARAGRAPH
1. He developed psychoanalysis.
S V O
2. Freud was born in Moravia
S V C
3. Freud entered the University of Vienna.
S V C
4. He attended a lecture on nature
S V C
5. He won a fellowship.
S V C
GLOSSARY VERB IN PARAGRAPH
- Explored = Menjelajahi
- Developed = Membangun
- Entered = Memasuki/Memulai
- Attended = Menghadiri
- Became = Menjadi
- Won = Memenangkan
- Study = Belajar
- Began = Memulai
- Has = Mempunyai
- Thought = Berpikir
- Said = Berkata
- Grow = Tumbuh
- Continue = Melanjutkan
- Teaching = Mengajar
- Hurting = Menyakiti
- Make = Membuat
- Understanding = Mengerti 
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